• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE1050270A1
    申请号:SE1050270
    申请日:2010-03-23
    公开日:2011-09-24
    发明作者:Mikael Lundblad
    申请人:Sandvik Intellectual Property；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    40 45 50 55 tool machine and workpiece. Under unfavorable circumstances, the current differential division may therefore be inappropriate or useless for the task of counteracting regenerative vibrations. A temporary measure to avoid harmful vibrations in the latter case, if possible, is to remove one or more of your inserts in order to change the division between them and reduce the feedback. However, this means that the feed speed, and thus the cutter's productivity, must be reduced. Another temporary measure is to reduce the depth of cut, which, however, also leads to reduced productivity.
    OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to obviate the above-mentioned disadvantages of prior art cutters and to create an improved cutter. A primary object of the invention is therefore to create a cutter, the division of which between the active cutting edges of the inserts can, if necessary, be changed in a quick and simple manner without the cutting depth or the number of inserts having to be reduced, ie. without the need for any provisional, productivity-reducing measures.
    According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved by means of the cutter, which is defined in the independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are further stated in the dependent claims 2-9.
    In a further aspect, the invention also relates to a cutting insert for the cutter according to the invention. The features of this insert are set out in claims 10-15.
    Brief description of the accompanying drawings In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cutter intended for corner or flat milling, the basic body of which is equipped with two inserts, Fig. 2 an end view of the basic body without inserts, illustrating how the seats of the inserts are placed with differential division, Pig. Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the individual insert according to the invention, Fig. 4 is an end view of the insert according to Fig. 3, and Eig. 5-7 end views of the base body showing the inserts mounted in different indexing positions in order to vary the effective division between their cutting edges, Fig. 8 a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a cutter, which is equipped with four inserts, Figs. Fig. 9 is an enlarged end view of the base body of the cutter without inserts shown in Fig. 8, Figs. 10-14 are a series of views showing the nature of the inserts used in the cutter according to Fig. 8, and Figs. 15-16 are two end views of the cutter. showing how the effective pitch between the cutting edges of the four inserts can be varied.
    Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention Before the invention is described in more detail, it should be pointed out that all drawing figures are of a schematic, simplified nature and have the sole purpose of clarifying the principle on which the invention is based. In other words, the drawing figures do not claim to illustrate in detail a usable milling tool.
    In a traditional manner, the exemplary cutter according to Figs. 1-7 comprises a basic body 1 and a number of circumferentially spaced inserts 2, which are replaceable. The base body 1 is rotatable in a predetermined direction R about a geometric center axis C1 and includes a front end surface 3 and an axially rearwardly extending circumferential surface 4 thereof, which in the example is cylindrical. The surfaces 3, 4 are in this case included in a front head 5, which merges into a rear fastening part 6, which is partly longer and partly narrower than the head 5. In other words, the tool shown as a whole is comparatively long and slender. The number of inserts in the example is minimal, ie. two.
    Each insert 2 is mounted in a seat or cutting position 7 (see Fig. 2), which in a conventional manner comprises a bottom surface 8 and two side support surfaces 9, 10. Of these, the bottom surface 8 absorbs the tangential cutting forces acting on the insert during the rotation of the cutter. while the side support surface 9 absorbs (rearward) axial forces, and the side support surface 10 (inward direction) radial forces. Each individual seat 7 opens in a chip pocket ll. In the example, all surfaces 8, 9, 10 are generally flat.
    Fig. 2 shows how the two seats 7 are placed with a differentiated pitch in the base body 1, more specifically insofar as the two pitch angles ota and otb deviate from 1800. The example thus amounts to approx. 1750 and ab to 1850. The angles ota 90 95 100 105 110 115 and otb are struck between two radial lines r1 and rg, which both extend from the center axis C1 of the base body and in the example coincide with the bottom surfaces 8 of the seats. It is axiomatic that the division between the seats 7 is fixed and unchangeable in that the seats have once and for all obtained their spatial positions in the basic body 1 in connection with its manufacture. In this context, it should be pointed out that the seats 7 in no way need to be located with their bottom surfaces in line with the radial lines r1 and rz. Thus, the individual seat can be placed in different tilting positions (both axially and radially and in both positive and negative tilting angles), whereby, however, the tilting positions for both seats must be identical.
    The division between the seats is thus determined by the division between homologous sites or reference points in the respective seats, regardless of their spatial tipping positions in the basic body.
    As shown in Fig. 1, the inserts 2 are in this case fixed in the associated seats by means of screws 12. However, this does not exclude that the fixing can be provided in another way, e.g. by means of clamps or clamping fingers.
    Reference is now made to Figs. 3 and 4, which on an enlarged scale illustrate the nature of the individual insert. The insert includes an upper side 13, a lower side 14 and four side surfaces 15, 16, 17a and 17b. In the example, the insert has an elongated basic shape and is indexable in two positions. The two diametrically opposite longitudinal sides 15, 16 form clearance surfaces, which each merge into the upper side 13 via cutting edges 18, 19, the chip surfaces of which are designated 18a, 19a. In the example shown, the cutting edges 18, 19 are straight and extend between first and second end points 20, 21, which are the points where the cutting edges merge into round or arcuate height sections 22.
    The straight shape of the cutting edges is conditioned by the fact that the connecting pairs of surfaces 15, 18a and 16, 19a in this case are flat. The angle mellan between the chip and clearance surfaces of the individual cutting edge, e.g. 18a, 15, is pointed and may be in the range 65-85 °. It should also be pointed out that the two cutting edges 18, 19 are identical in their extent between the two end points 20, 21.
    Extending between the upper and lower sides 13, 14 is a through hole 23 for the screw 12. The geometric center axis of the hole is designated C2. In the example, C2 also forms a center axis of the insert as a whole, e.g. insofar as the lower boundary lines of the clearance surfaces 15, 16 and the cutting edges 18, 19 are equidistantly removed from C2. 120 125 130 135 140 145 In this context, it should be pointed out that the two cutting edges 18, 19 consist of chip-separating main edges, which in practice are often combined with their own surface-wiping planar phase edges, which, however, are not shown in the embodiment according to Figs. 1-7.
    Furthermore, it should be noted that each cutting edge 18, 19 in the schematic example according to Figs. 1-7 runs partly parallel to the underside 14 (or the boundary line between the underside and the respective clearance surface 15, 16), partly parallel to each other, the angle s between the clearance surface 15 and 16 and the plane in which the underside 14 is located is pointed (in the example approx. 80 °). In the example, the underside 14 of the insert consists of a flat surface. However, while maintaining its general flatness, the underside can also be designed in another way, e.g. in the form of a serration or coupling surface.
    Characteristic of the milling insert according to the invention is that the two cutting edges 18, 19 as a whole are located at different levels or heights H18, H19 relative to the underside 14.
    Thus, the first cutting edge 18, which is delimited between the chip surface 18a and the clearing surface 15, is located at a level H18, which is higher than the level H19 on which the second cutting edge 19 is located. More specifically - in general terms - analogue reference points, ie. analogously selected reference points along the two cutting edges, located at different levels above the plane in which the underside 14 is located. For example, the end points 21 are analogous to each other to the extent that they are located at equal axial distances from, for example, the axially rear side support surface 9 of the seat 7, regardless of the indexing position of the insert, i.e. whether the cutting edge 18 or the cutting edge 19 is operative by being facing radially outwards relative to the base body. Although the level difference between the two cutting edges 18, 19 may vary, the height H18 should be at least 5%, preferably 10-20%, larger than H19. In the drawing, the height difference is exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
    Reference is now made to Figs. 5-7, which illustrate the function and advantages of the invention. Fig. 5 shows the two inserts 2 mounted in one and the same way in the respective seat 7 in that both cutting edges 18 (and the clearing surfaces 15) face radially outwards. In order to distinguish the mounted inserts in functional terms, the same in Figs. 5 -7 are designated 2a and 2b, respectively. When the two inserts are placed according to Fig. 5, the arc angle y between the radial line r1 and an imaginary radial line rg, which is drawn from the center axis C1 and intersects the cutting edge 18 of the insert 2a, becomes equal to the arc angle y between the radial line rg and an imaginary radial line r4 between the center axis C1 and the cutting edge 18 of the insert 2b. This means that the counting angles otal and otbl between 150 155 160 165 170 175 the cutting edges 18 on the respective inserts correspond to the fixed dividing angles ota and otb between the seats 7 (cf. Fig. 2). In other words, the effective pitch between the cutting edges corresponds to the fixed pitch between the seats.
    Fig. 6 shows the insert 2b with the cutting edge 18 facing inwards and the cutting edge 19 and the clearing surface 16, respectively, facing outwards, while the insert 2a maintains its previous position according to Fig. 5.
    This means that the arc angle δ between the radial lines rg, r4 becomes smaller than y, from which it follows that the pitch angle ota2 between the respective cutting edges decreases at the same time as the pitch angle otb2 increases.
    Assume that the fixed division angles aa, otb between the seats 7 amount to 175 and 185 ° respectively and that y amounts to 18 ° at the same time as ö amounts to 10 °. Then the angle (m2 will amount to: l75 ° - 18 ° + 10 ° = 167 °. It follows that otb2 amounts to l93 °. In other words, the effective division between the cutting edges has changed as ota2 has decreased in relation to otal and otb2 increased in relation to otbl.
    Fig. 7 shows how the division between the inserts can also be changed in the opposite way. In this case, the insert 2a is turned with the cutting edge 19 outwards and the cutting edge 18 inwards at the same time as the insert 2b assumes the same position as in Fig. 5. This means that the angle (m3 will amount to 175 ° - 10 ° + 18 ° = l83 ° , whereby otb3 is reduced to 177 °.
    When the cutter is used, the inserts can be initially mounted in accordance with Pig. 5, i.e. with the same differential pitch between the shafts g gamma 18 as the fixed differential pitch between the seats 7. If it then turns out that this pitch is not suitable for dealing with emerging vibration tendencies, the pitch between shear g gamma can be changed by the simple act of disassembly and indexing one insert (i.e., rotating it 180 °), thereby either increasing or decreasing the angle ota (while simultaneously decreasing or increasing ab). With one and the same cutter, it is therefore possible to test different, effective divisions in a quick and easy way without having to remove any cutting edge from the base body (or the cutting depth is reduced).
    Reference is now made to Figs. 8-16, which illustrate an alternative embodiment of a cutter, which is equipped with four inserts. In this case, the base body 1 is formed with a shaft-like, cylindrical part 5a, which carries the head 5 at its front end, and which at its rear end merges into a strong fastening part 6. To accommodate the inserts 2, the base body is designed 180 185 190 195 200 205 with four seats 7, the fixed division of which is irregular in that all four division angles aa, ab, ac and ad differ from each other. In the concrete example, aa amounts to 95 °, ab to 92.3 °, ac to 85 °, and ad to 87.7 °. The radial lines r defining the division angles in this case extend from the center axis C1 and tangent to the bottom surfaces 8 of the seats 7 along their radially outer boundary lines (= homologous locations) in that the seats in this case are tipped at a positive radial angle (the seats are also tipped at a positive axial angle).
    Like the previously described insert, the insert according to Figs. 10-14 includes an upper side 13, a lower side 14, two clearance surfaces 15, 16, two end side surfaces 17a, 17b and two alternately usable, uniform cutting edges 18, 19, which effect the actual the chip separation. Each such cutting edge extends between first and second end points 20, 21. In the condition mounted in the seats of the basic body, the first end point 20 will always be located closest to the axially rear lateral support surface 9 of the individual seat, regardless of which indexing position the insert occupies.
    A difference between that in Pig. 10-14 and the previously described insert, is that the former includes inserts 18, 19, which are not straight. Thus, the two cutting edges 18, 19 are arcuate or curved (in this case in two different dimensions or coordinate directions), and extend from a lowest endpoint, namely the first endpoint 20, to a highest endpoint, which is constituted by the second endpoint 21. By analogy with the previous embodiment, however, the cutting edge 19 is recessed relative to the cutting edge 18.
    Thus, the first (and lowest) end point 20 of the cutting edge 19 is located at the level H2-19 above the underside 14, while the first end point 20 of the cutting edge 18 is located at a higher level H2-18 (see Fig. 12). At the same time, the second (and highest) end point 21 of the cutting edge 19 is located at a level H1-19, which is lower than the level H1-18 of the end point 21 of the cutting edge 18.
    In addition, the level difference between the lowest end points 20, 20 of the two cutting edges is equal to the level difference between the highest end points 21, 21. This means that the two cutting edges 18, 19 are generally located at different levels above the underside 14. This principle applies regardless of the the shape of individual edges (straight, curved, etc.) provided that the different cutting edges are uniform and thus alternately usable. Arbitrarily selected, although analogous reference points along the respective cutting edges will also be located at different levels. In Pig. 14, a reference point RP18 is thus shown, which is located at the distance L from the first end point 20 of the cutting edge 18. An analogous reference point RP19, i.e. a point which is 210 215 220 225 230 235 fi sleeve with the distance L from the first end point 20 of the cutting edge 19 along the second cutting edge 19, is thus located at a lower level than RP18.
    It should further be noted that the insert according to Figs. 10-14 includes a surface wiping edge 25 (also called "planar phase edge") for co-operation with each chip separating cutting edge 18, 19. The transitions between the chip separating cutting edges 18, 19 and each edge 25 consist of arcuate edge sections 22.
    In both the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and the embodiment according to Figs. 10-14, the clearance surfaces 15, 16 extend all the way from the respective cutting edges down to the underside 14 of the insert. As the cutting edges are located at different levels relative to the underside, the areas of the two clearance surfaces therefore differ from each other. Thus, the clearance surface 16 has a larger area than the clearance surface 15.
    Reference is now made to Figs. 15 and 16, which illustrate how the effective pitch between the cutting edges of the four inserts can be changed and varied in the manner previously described. In Fig. 15, all four inserts are mounted with the cutting edges 18 (and the clearing surfaces 15) facing radially outwards, the arc angles y being equal. This means that the effective division angles otal, otbl, otcl and (xdl between the cutting edges correspond to the fixed division angles ota, otb, otc and otd between the seats 7 (see Fig. 9). In Fig. 16 one of the four inserts has been indexed so far that (the bottom shown) the cutting edge 19 is turned radially outwards, in this way the arc angle δ becomes less than y. Without changing the division angles otal and otbl, the angles (m2 and ud2 will therefore change, more specifically in such a way that otc2 increases and otd2 reduces.
    When the fixed pitch between the seats 7 is differentiated, as shown in the examples, the pitch angles between the seats can vary very considerably. However, the maximum pitch angle between two seats should be at least 1% greater than the minimum pitch angle between two seats. On the other hand, the maximum angle of inclination between two seats should not exceed 25% greater than the minimum angle of inclination between two seats. In practice, the angular difference between the largest and smallest pitch angles can advantageously be in the range of 2-20% or 3-15%. In the example according to Figs. 8-16, the largest pitch angle ua (95 °) is approx. 11% larger than the smallest angle otc (85 °). 240 245 250 255 260 Possible modifications of the invention The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and schematically shown in the drawings. Thus, the invention can be applied to milling cutters which are equipped with a different number of inserts than just two and four, respectively. Of course, the number of combination possibilities in terms of division adjustments increases with an increasing number of inserts. More specifically, the number of combination possibilities increases exponentially with an increasing number of inserts. Nor is the invention limited to indexable inserts with only two cutting edges. Thus, the insert could have a circular basic shape, the same comprising a single rotationally symmetrical clearance surface, which passes into the upper side via a number of arcuate edge sections, which are located at different levels in relation to the lower side of the insert. It is also conceivable to give the insert a different polygonal basic shape than the one shown, oblong and square.
    Thus, the insert could be designed with three or fls alternately usable cutting edges, none of which are located at the same height or level above the underside. Furthermore, it is possible to form, along the upper part of one or more of its clearing surfaces, ridged, cantilevered material portions, which make it possible to place the egg lines along different inserts in such a way that in the mounted state they are located at exactly one and the same radial distance. from the central axis of the base body regardless of which of the cutting edges is indexed up to the operative position. It should further be mentioned that the invention can also be applied to cutters with an even, fixed division between the seats of the basic body. Thus, desired differential divisions between the active cutting edges of the inserts can very well be achieved only by indexing one or more inserts according to the invention in the described manner.
    The invention is applicable to most types of cutters, even those having a basic construction which differs from those exemplified. Roll cutters may be mentioned as an example.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    A milling cutter for chip removal processing, comprising on the one hand a basic body (1) rotatable in a predetermined direction (R) about a geometric center axis (C1) with a front end surface (3) and an axially rearwardly extending jacket surface (4), concentric with the center axis, on the one hand a number of indexable inserts (2), which are mounted in circumferentially spaced seats (7), which have a fixed pitch between them, and which inserts each comprise an upper side (13), a lower side (14 ) and at least one clearing surface (15, 16), which together with the upper side delimits two or more alternately useful cutting edges (18, 19), which are uniform in their extent between first and second end points (20, 21), characterized in that the the different cutting edges (18, 19) of the individual insert (2) are located at different levels relative to the underside (14) of the insert to allow, by indexing at least one of the inserts, to change the effective pitch between the effective cutting edges (18) of the insert (2). 19).
    [2]
    Cutter according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixed pitch between the seats (7) in the basic body (1) is differentiated.
    [3]
    Cutter according to Claim 2, characterized in that the largest pitch angle between two seats (7) is at least 1% larger than the smallest pitch angle between two seats.
    [4]
    Cutter according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the largest pitch angle between two seats (7) is at most 25% greater than the smallest pitch angle between two seats.
    [5]
    Cutter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first cutting edge (18) included in the individual insert (2) is located at a level (H18) above the underside (14), which is at least 5% higher than that level. (H19), on which the second cutting edge (19) is located.
    [6]
    Cutter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual cutting edge (18, 19) of the individual insert (2) extends between end points (20, 21) which are located at different levels relative to the underside (14) of the insert.
    [7]
    Cutter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting edges (18, 19) of the individual insert (2) are straight.
    [8]
    Cutter according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting edges (18, 19) of the individual insert (2) are at least partially curved in one or more coordinate directions. 295 300 305 310 315 11
    [9]
    Cutter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clearance surfaces (15, 16) in connection with the cutting edges (18, 19) have different size areas, more precisely as a result of them extending all the way from the individual cutting edge. to the underside of the insert (14).
    [10]
    An indexable cutter comprising an upper side (13), a lower side (14) and at least one clearance surface, which together with the upper side (13) delimit two or more alternately useful cutting edges (18, 19), which are uniform in extent between the first and other end points (20, 21), characterized in that the cutting edges (18, 19) are located at different levels (H18, H19) relative to the underside (14) of the insert.
    [11]
    Milling insert according to Claim 9, characterized in that a first cutting edge (18) is located at a level (H18) above the underside (14) which is at least 5% higher than the level (H19) at which it the second cutting edge (19) is located.
    [12]
    Milling insert according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the individual cutting edge (18, 19) extends between end points (20, 21) which are located at different levels above the underside (14) of the insert.
    [13]
    Milling insert according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the inserts (18, 19) are straight.
    [14]
    Milling insert according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the inserts (18, 19) are at least partially curved in one or more dimensions.
    [15]
    Milling insert according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the clearing surfaces (15, 16) in connection with different cutting edges (18, 19) have different size areas, more specifically as a result of them extending all the way from the individual inserts to the underside of the insert (14).
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    法律状态:
    2016-11-01| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
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    SE1050270A|SE534715C2|2010-03-23|2010-03-23|Cutters and cutters for this|SE1050270A| SE534715C2|2010-03-23|2010-03-23|Cutters and cutters for this|
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    US13/047,016| US9004824B2|2010-03-23|2011-03-14|Milling cutter as well as a milling insert therefor|
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    CN201110076962.1A| CN102198537B|2010-03-23|2011-03-23|Milling cutter and milling cutting insert thereof|
    JP2011064616A| JP5788695B2|2010-03-23|2011-03-23|Milling cutter and milling insert|
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